1. The medium of communication used is English and both UK and USA English spelling are accepted.
   
   
2. All submissions should be addressed to "Editor, International e-Journal of Science, Medicine and Education, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia" and must be submitted entirely online via www.imu.edu.my/ejournal.
   
   
3. Submissions are initially reviewed by the Editorial Office to ensure that the manuscript complies with the Journal's requirements. If it does not, the submission will be immediately returned. Manuscripts with excessive typographical errors will also be immediately returned to authors without being reviewed.
   
   
4. The submissions are then reviewed by the Editor and appointed reviewer(s) within three months from the date of receipt. Submission of a revised manuscript must occur within one month of receiving editorial and reviewers’ comments for revision. Revisions carried out by authors to reviewers’ comments does not automatically indicate final acceptance for publication in IeJSME.
   
   
5. Final acceptance or rejection rests with the Editorial Board, who reserves the right to refuse any material for publication
   
   
6. As a rule, two reviewers (one internal from the University and one external from outside the University) are invited to review all manuscripts except for Research Note (reviewed by one internal reviewer) and Letters to the Editor (reviewed by the Editor).
   
   
7. During the initial submission, the authors can make recommendations for reviewers for their manuscripts and may also state which reviewers they wish to exclude. However, the editor reserves the right to make the final decision.
   
   
8. Rejected manuscripts will be permanently deleted from Editorial Office.

The Covering Letter

Manuscripts must be accompanied by a covering letter signed by all co-authors or in unavoidable circumstances, by the principle author on behalf of the others. The following must be stated in the covering letter to the Editor:

1. That the material is original, is not currently under consideration nor has been accepted for publication elsewhere;
2. That all authors have read the manuscript and approve its submission;
3. A brief explanation of the contribution of each author (Authorship should be limited to those who have participated sufficiently in the any of the following: the study conception and design, data analysis and interpretation, drafting or revising of the article for important intellectual content, and final approval of the version to be published);
4. Disclosure (if any) of their affiliations with or financial involvement with any commercial organisation with direct financial interest in the subject or materials discussed in the manuscript, (see Conflict of Interests).

This letter can be scanned and sent in online as an attached document or faxed to us at
+60 3 86567229

The Manuscript

Manuscripts are asked to be arranged in the order of: (1) title page, (2) abstract and keywords, (3) text, (4) references, (5) tables, (6) figures, and (7) figure legends, numbering all pages beginning with title page, and typed double-spaced, leaving wide margins on all sides of the page.

Details for the following categories of submission are as follows:

1. Editorial
   1000 words maximum; up to 10 references; no abstract is needed;
2. Review Article
   5000 words maximum; comprehensive references; unstructured abstract up to 250 words;
3. Original Article
   5000 words maximum; comprehensive references; structured (according to Background, Methods, Results and Conclusions) abstract up to 250 words;
4. Research Note
   1000 words maximum, up to 10 references; unstructured abstract up to 100 words; no sub-headings; maximum 2 illustrations or tables;
5. Case reports
   1000 words maximum; up to 5 references; unstructured abstract up to 100 words;
6. Letter to the Editor
   1000 words maximum; up to 5 references.

For the purpose and scope of each of these submission categories, please refer to the Journal Home.

Title Page
The title page should contain:

1. The title of the article (do not use abbreviations);
2. The full name of each author and their respective names of departments and affiliated institutions;
3. Name, address, e mail, telephone and fax numbers of corresponding author for correspondence and requests for reprints.

Abstract
A summary of the paper must be in the form of an abstract (maximum of 250 words for Review Articles and Original Articles, and 100 words for Research Notes and Case Reports). Structured abstract for Original Articles must follow the general format of Introduction, Methods, Results and Conclusions.

Key words
For the purpose of indexing, 5 to 10 key words are required and placed after abstract in alphabetical order. They should preferably be taken from those recommended by the US National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) browser list at
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html

Introduction
The rationale for the study should be described here with relevant background material. The Introduction should not contain either findings or conclusions.

Methods
Methods should be described in sufficient detail as to how the results were derived. The location (city, state, country) of a manufacturer should be provided. Generic names of drugs should be used instead of trade names. Units should conform to SI conventions, with the exception of blood pressure (mmHg).

Statistical methods should be carefully detailed and referenced where appropriate. If necessary, the Editor may seek the advice of a qualified statistician as part of the review process.

Results
Results should be presented in a logical sequence in the text, tables and illustrations. Repetitive presentation of the same data in different forms should be avoided. In particular, authors should minimise repetition between the text and tables and figures. The Results should not include material apportioned to the Discussion.

Discussion
The Discussion considers the results in relation to the hypotheses put forth in the Introduction. Unexpected or contradictory results should be explained or defended. This may include an evaluation of methodology and of the relationship of new information to the current knowledge in that field. There should not be any reference to figures and tables in the Discussion. Speculation should be kept to a minimum.

Acknowledgements
These include contributions by persons that need acknowledging but do not justify authorship. Technical help, financial and material support, and research grants should be clearly acknowledged here.

References
Reference style and punctuation should conform to the Journal style which uses the Vancouver format. The references are to be cited in the text, tables and legends by Arabic numerals in superscript in the order in which they first appear in the text.

Titles of journals should be abbreviated in the reference list according to the style used in Index Medicus. Unpublished observations and personal communications should not be listed as references. If necessary, such material may be incorporated in the text and stated as such in parentheses. Websites can be used as references where no alternative reference exists. The date on which the website was accessed must be included.

As a standard journal article, list all authors when six or fewer; when more than six, list only the first six and add et al. The issue number should not be quoted.

Examples of references as follows:

1. Journal Article
   Lee LK, Chen PCY, Lee KK, Kaur J.  Premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents in Malaysia: a cross-sectional Malaysian school survey.  Singapore Med J 2006; 47: 476-481.
2. Article from a Supplement
   Nikaido H. Crossing the envelope: how cephalosporins reach their targets. Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6 (suppl): 22-26.
3. Book
   Finch RG, Greenwood D, Norrby SR, Whitley RJ, eds. Antibiotic and chemotherapy. 8th edn. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingston, 2003.
4. Chapter from a Book
   Hedburgh H, Nord CE. Anaerobic bacteria. In: Yu VL, Weber R, Raoult D, eds. Antimicrobial therapy and vaccines.  2nd edn. New York: Apple Tree Productions, 2002: 55-63
5. Electronic material
   World Health Organisation, 3 July 2003. Update 94: Preparing for the Next Influenza Season in a World Altered by SARS.
    http://www.who.International/csr/disease/influenza/sars.
   Accessed: 15 September 2003.

Tables
Each table should be placed on a new page and is given a Roman numeral, eg. Table I, II, etc, accompanied by an explanatory caption on the top of the table. Number tables in the order of which they are mentioned in the text.

Footnotes should be indicated by *, †, ‡, § and provided below each table, identifying in alphabetical order all abbreviations used.

Figures
All image files (e.g. .jpg, .gif, .tif) should be inserted into your text document. Number figures in the order of which they are mentioned in the text. Legends should be provided on a separate page.

Figure Legends
List all figure legends on a separate page. All abbreviations used in the figures are to be identified and explained in the corresponding legends.

Permission
Entire reproduction of all previously published tables, charts, figures and photos will require written permission from the publisher concerned. Reproduction of modified data will require a reference citing. Patients shown in photographs should have their identity concealed or should give their written consent for publication.

AFTER A MANUSCRIPT HAS BEEN ACCEPTED

Page Proofs

Authors will be provided with Portable Document Format (PDF) typeset page proof to proofread for typesetting errors.  Proofs must be returned within the given deadline. The purpose of the PDF proof is a final check of the layout, and of tables and figures. Alterations other than the essential correction of errors are not possible at this stage.

Copyright

Copyright assignment is compulsory for accepted manuscripts and is required to be sent [please link to copyright assignment form] in only after confirmation of acceptance.  This letter can be scanned and sent in online as an attached document or faxed to us at +060 (3)86567229.
In signing the form it is assumed that authors have obtained permission to use any copyrighted or previously published material.

Following acceptance, the IeJSME reserves copyright of all published materials and such materials may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the IeJSME.

Disclaimers and Reservations

The Editor and Editorial Board reserve the right to refuse any material for publication and any such decisions are final. Statements in articles are the responsibility of the authors. The University, Editor and the Editorial Board cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in the Journal.

Ethical Considerations

Failure to adhere to ethical requirements may be considered sufficient reason for rejection of a manuscript. Reports of biomedical research involving human subjects must include a statement in the Methods section that informed consent was obtained, as well as a statement of approval by a local human investigations committee that the research was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Similarly, experiments involving animals must avoid distress to the animals and must have been conducted under appropriate licensing/approval arrangements, details of which should be included in the Methods section.

The editorial board is committed to pursuing high journal standards set by the international community of journal editors (please visit: www.icmje.org).

Conflict of Interests

Authors should disclose at the time of submission any financial arrangements they may have with a company whose product figures prominently in the submitted manuscript or with a company making a competing product. Such information will be held in confidence while the paper is under review and will not influence the editorial decision but, if the article is accepted for publication, the Editors will usually discuss with the authors the manner in which such information is to be communicated to the reader and will require that financial relationships are declared, and a signed written statement may be required.

Authors’ Checklist

• Manuscript (as attached document)
• Covering letter (as scanned document attached or by fax)
• Copyright assignment form [only after confirmation of acceptance] (as scanned document attached or by fax).